![]() This is usually associated with one or more of the following: (1) difficulty initiating sleep, (2) difficulty maintaining sleep, characterized by frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep after awakenings, and (3) early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep. Insomnia is broadly defined as dissatisfaction with sleep either qualitatively or quantitatively. 12 Approximately 50% of the patients with symptoms of insomnia will have a remission during the follow-up period, with higher remission rates among older males relative to females. 10 A study of 6,800 older adults (age 65 years or older) observed an incidence rate for insomnia symptoms of 5% per year, 11 with a yearly incidence of 7.97% at 1-year follow-up. Sleep maintenance symptoms are most prevalent among individuals with insomnia (50% to 70%), followed by difficulty in initiating sleep (35% to 60%) and nonrestorative sleep (20% to 25%). ![]() 9 Insomnia is often classified by the predominant symptom of either difficulty in sleep onset or sleep maintenance. 6 The overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms ranges from 30% to 48% in the elderly, 5, 7, 8 whereas the prevalence of insomnia disorder ranges from 12% to 20%. 5 Prevalence of insomnia is higher in older individuals than in the younger population. ![]() 2 – 4 As many as 50% of older adults complain about difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. 1 One of the most common sleep disturbances in the older population is insomnia. The population of older adults continues to expand rapidly from the current 205 million persons aged 60 years or older, to a projected 2 billion by 2050. ![]()
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